Sharon Youmans, Pharm.D., M.P.H., vice dean and professor at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Pharmacy, has been selected by AACP to serve on the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) Board of Directors. Youmans will begin the six-year term on July 1, 2020.

Pharmacists Patient Care Encounters with Female Patients

Core Patient Assessment Data/Information (Core Database)

Sexual Health Assessment and Interviewing Methods

When interviewing women patients, there are often topics that are considered “sensitive” and that are sometimes difficult for both patients and providers to have comfortable conversations. A good comprehensive resource for learning about sexual health assessment and interviewing methods can be found in “Sexual Medicine and Primary Care” by William L. Maurice, M.D.

Interview methods are specifically addressed in Chapter 2(PDF) of the above reference.

Another, much briefer, resource is the CDC’s Guide to Taking a Sexual History(PDF). However, it is more oriented toward STIs and offers little guidance about how to implement the suggested assessment questions.

2015 STD guidelines(PDF)

General Assessment

1. Wellness (Promotion of health and wellness; screening for potential fetal toxicity risk)
   1. Diet
   2. Exercise
   3. Alcohol
   4. Tobacco
   5. Illicit drug use or other substances
   6. Self‐image: How do you feel about the way you look? Do you feel that you are underweight? Overweight? Just right? How much would you like to weigh?
2. Health Prevention
   1. Patient‐provider relationship:  Do you have a primary care provider?
   2. Pap smear:  Have you had a pap smear?
   3. Breast Health:  When was your last mammography?
   4. Cancer risk:  Do you have a personal history of cancer or a family history of hereditary cancers (i.e., breast, ovarian, endometrial and colon cancer)?
   5. Personal safety:  Do you feel safe at home? At school? In your work environment?
3. Medical and medication history
   1. Medical conditions, including mental health
      • What medical conditions do you have? Do you currently have or have you had in the past depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia? (Presentation and assessments may be different in adolescents as compared to adults and screening should be age specific)
   2. Medications (prescription and over‐the‐counter)
      • What medications are you currently taking, including both prescription and over‐the¬counter medications? Do you take multivitamins or other dietary supplements?
4. Reproductive history
   1. Menstruation: When was your first menstrual cycle? Do you have regular menstrual cycles?
   2. Pregnancy: Have you ever been pregnant in the past? Are you pregnant today?
5. Sexual health
   1. Sexual activity
      • Are you currently sexually active?
      • If yes, do you have sex with men, women, or both?
      • If yes, do you practice safe sex?
      • If yes, do you desire contraception? (For patients of reproductive age)
      • If yes, do you have bleeding after sex?
   2. Female sexual dysfunction
      • Do you have or have you ever had sexual dysfunction?
      • Desire/libido problems?
      • Arousal problems?
      • Orgasm problems?
      • Pain with intercourse?
6. Bone health
   1. Assessment of calcium and vitamin D
      • How many servings of milk or other dairy foods (eg, yogurt or cheese) did you have yesterday? Are you taking calcium and vitamin D supplements? If so, how much and how often? How many servings of other calcium‐containing foods (eg, dark green, leafy vegetables, or calcium‐fortified orange juice or cereal) did you have yesterday?
   2. Assessment of other identified risk factors for osteoporosis (exercise, cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol intake)
7. Urinary changes
   1. Urinary tract infection screening
      • Do you have symptoms of dysuria (e.g., frequency of urination, pain or burning on urination, cloudy or bloody urine)?
      • If yes, how frequently?
      • If yes, were you treated?

Adolescents

1. Background
   1. Age range of adolescence is not clearly specified, but can range from 10‐21 year of age, encompassing a variety of physical, social, and mental health changes. (10‐19 according to WHO http://www.who.int/topics/adolescent_health/en/, 11‐21 according to American Academy of Pediatrics Bright Futures)
   2. Health care professionals should be aware of their local laws and public health regulations regarding confidential access to health care for minors and reporting requirements. Providers should also be aware of the cultural norms regarding youth/adult interactions.
   3. No clinically significant pharmacokinetic differences between males and females have been documented in this age range.
2. Key Considerations for the Provider
   1. Physical growth and development screening
      1. Obesity and overweight
      2. Eating disorders
      3. Adequate intake of vitamin D, calcium folate, and iron
      4. Assess immunization status
      5. Reference materials: Sample questions and anticipatory guidance can be found in AAP Bright Futures; Women’s Health Across the Lifespan; Immunizations: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/
   2. Sexual health screening
      1. Onset of menarche and sexual activity
         1. Use of contraception
         2. STI prevention
         3. STI and cervical cancer screening
         4. STII guidelines: http://www.cdc.gov/std/treatment/
   3. Violence and injury prevention screening
      1. Use of illicit drugs, alcohol, tobacco (usually comorbid with mental health problems)
      2. Reference materials: Sample questions and anticipatory guidance can be found in AAP Bright Futures
   4. Mental Health and Emotional Wellbeing
      1. Depression and anxiety—may not present with classis adult signs and symptoms
      2. Suicidal ideation
      3. Reference materials: Sample questions and anticipatory guidance can be found in AAP Bright Futures; Pharmacotherapy guidelines available in Women’s Health Across the Lifespan

Women in Reproductive Years: Non‐Pregnant

The definition of reproductive years depends on age of menarche, and includes adolescence. Providers should be aware of their local laws and regulations regarding confidential access to health care for minors and reporting requirements for providers. Providers should also be aware of the cultural norms regarding youth/adult interactions.

Questions to Ask:

1. How do you feel about the way you look? Do you feel that you are underweight? Overweight? Just right? How much would you like to weigh?
2. How many servings of milk or other dairy foods (eg, yogurt or cheese) did you have yesterday? Are you taking calcium and vitamin D supplements? If so, how much and how often? How many servings of other calcium‐containing foods (eg, dark green, leafy vegetables, or calcium‐fortified orange juice or cereal) did you have yesterday?
3. When was your first menstrual cycle?
4. Do you have a regular menstrual cycles?
5. Have you ever been pregnant in the past?
6. Are you sexually active?
   1. If yes, do you desire contraception?
   2. If yes, do you practice safe sex?
   3. If yes, have you had a Pap smear or HPV test?
   4. Do you take a multivitamin with folate?
   5. Do you have sex with men, women, or both?
7. Do you feel safe at home? At school? In your work environment?
8. Do you currently have or have you had in the past depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia? a. Mental health issues, especially depression, may present differently in adolescents as compared to adults and screening should be age specific.
9. Do you have a personal or family history of cancer?
10. Vaccine status using age appropriate vaccinations available at: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/ Additional Information on Assessment of Fertility and Reproductive Health: The American Society for Reproductive Medicine (asrm.org) has an “e‐learning” program with modules that are geared primarily toward assessment and management of fertility and reproductive health issues, though there are some modules focused on menopause, precocious puberty, and some gynecologic conditions. Some of these issues may be of relevance. ASRM is unique in offering some ethics training modules for clinicians who are particularly interested in assisted reproduction. Here is the link: http://www.asrm.org/eLearn/Catalog/md/

Women in Reproductive Years: Pregnant

Questions to Ask:

1. Are You Pregnant?
2. Pregnancy dating
   1. usually stated as starting on the first day of the LMP
   2. may be stated as starting at the time of conception (day 14)
3. Are you seeing a healthcare provider for your pregnancy care?
4. Screen for any high risk medications during pregnancy a. Differentiate risk by trimester
5. Has the management of your chronic condition(s) been addressed since you have become pregnant?
6. Are you having any problems with your pregnancy? a. If so, what pharmacologic and non‐pharmacologic treatments have you been taking to manage the symptoms associated with your pregnancy?
7. Are you up to date on your current vaccinations?
8. If you want to discuss the safety of sex during pregnancy, please consult your physician.

Women in Reproductive Years: Breastfeeding

Many of the same questions asked during a patient history can be asked of a breastfeeding woman as of non‐nursing women but who are of a similar age. The following are questions that would be more specific for a breastfeeding/nursing woman.

1. What prescription medicines, nonprescription (OTC) medicines, natural products, vitamins and/or minerals, etc. are you currently taking, for how long and at what dose?
2. Are you taking any medicines/OTCs/natural product, etc. as mentioned above, what is the specific dosing schedule (exact times of the day, evening or night) for any medicine/OTC/natural product, etc.?
3. How does the dosing schedule of the particular medicine/OTC product/natural product, etc. compare to the infant’s typical breastfeeding schedule? For example, does the woman take the medicine, etc. immediately before or after she breastfeeds her infant?
4. Does your health care provider and/or the infant’s pediatrician know that the woman is taking the above mentioned medicines/OTCs/natural products, etc.?
5. Why are you taking each of the medicines/OTCs/natural products, etc.?
6. Are there other medicines/OTCs/natural products, etc. in the same therapeutic class(es) that would offer less risk to the nursing infant?
7. Have you noticed any symptoms in the infant since you started taking a particular medicine/OTC product/natural product, etc. (examples, appears more sleepy, has diarrhea, spitting up more, decreased feeding time, etc.)?
8. If the nursing women needs to take the above mentioned medicines/OTCs/natural products, etc., should any of their schedules be changed from the way the nursing woman is currently taking them?
9. Is a call to the nursing woman’s health care provider warranted? Is a call to the infant’s pediatrician needed? If so, please explain.

Peri‐and Post Menopausal Women

Perimenopause generally lasts from age 45 years to age 55 years and is a time of gradual change in hormone levels and menstrual cycles. Menopause is the absence of menstrual periods for at least one year.

Assessment Questions Pertaining to Both Peri‐and Post‐Menopausal Patients

1. Wellness
   1. Diet?
   2. Exercise?
   3. Cigarette smoking?
   4. Alcohol intake?
2. Sexual Health
   1. Are you sexually active? If yes, the number of partners?
   2. Symptoms of vaginal atrophy? Burning, itching, pain with intercourse?
   3. Symptoms of female sexual dysfunction?
      1. Desire/libido problems?
      2. Arousal problems?
      3. Orgasm problems?
      4. Pain with intercourse?
3. Urinary Changes
   1. Occurrence of urinary incontinence? Urge vs overflow vs combination?
   2. Increased occurrence of urinary tract infections?
4. Bone Health
   1. Assessment of calcium and vitamin D intake
   2. Check medication for potential drug interactions
   3. Assessment of other identified risk factors for osteoporosis (exercise, cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol intake)
   4. Ask about falls – determine if there is a need to assess the home for fall risk
5. Cardiovascular (CV) Health
   1. Assessment for identified CV risk factors (high cholesterol, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, overweight/obesity, sedentary lifestyle)
   2. Determine if woman knows signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction in woman (i.e. indigestion, dizziness)
   3. Determine if woman knows signs and symptoms of stroke (i.e. dizziness, confusion).
6. Periodic Health Evaluations for Women Age 40–64 Years (Make sure to review the most recent
   1. recommendations since they change over time)
   2. Colorectal cancer screening beginning at age 50
   3. Fasting glucose testing beginning at age 45
   4. Lipid profile assessment
   5. Mammography - Link to Recommendations
   6. Papanicolaou test f. TSH every 5 years beginning at age 50

Assessment Questions Pertaining to Peri‐Menopausal Women

1. Menstrual Cycle Changes
   1. Bleeding between periods?
   2. Bleeding after sex?
   3. Spotting at anytime in the menstrual cycle?
   4. Bleeding that is heavier or lasts for more days than usual?
2. Sexual Health
   1. a. Are you sexually active? Do you practice safe sex and/or use birth control?
   2. How many sexual partners have you had? Do you understand the risk for sexually transmitted infections?
3. Vasomotor Symptoms (VMS)
   1. Frequency of hot flashes?
   2. Duration of hot flashes?
   3. Patient’s level of acceptance relative to the above?
   4. Patient’s self‐identified triggers for the VMS?
4. Sleep Disturbances
   1. Insomnia?
   2. Difficulty staying asleep?
   3. Night sweats affecting sleep?
5. Hormone Therapy Considerations
   1. Have you considered using birth control to assist in managing symptoms of perimenopause, for birth control, and to help regulate the menstrual cycle?
   2. What do you know about the risks/benefits of hormone therapy?
   3. Are you aware of the different types of regimens and the different dosage formulations?
6. Bone Health
   1. Baseline DEXA scan

Assessment Questions Pertaining to Post‐Menopausal Women

1. Cardiovascular
   1. Determine if woman knows signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction in woman (i.e. indigestion, dizziness).
      1. Check to see if ankles are swollen or SOB
      2. Discuss risks and benefits of taking baby aspirin
   2. Determine if woman knows signs and symptoms of stroke (i.e. dizziness, confusion).
      1. Check to see if there is weakness on either side of the body.
2. Bone Health
   1. Date of last DEXA
   2. Musculoskeletal complaints
3. Vision
   1. Changes in Vision
   2. Last ophthalmology exam
4. Cognitive function
   1. Either mini‐mental status exam or ask the patient if she is having more problems with memory than others her age.
   2. Depression/Anxiety
      1. MMSE & Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) if woman is being seen in clinic
      2. Use simple screening tool and make referral if need (community practice)
5. The North American Menopause Society has some good CME content including short, free, case‐study based CME modules on assessment and management of menopausal symptoms.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ):

Mission

The mission of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is to improve the safety, quality, effectiveness, and efficiency of health care for all Americans. AHRQ has a large number of resources addressing women’s health for health professionals and consumers.

AHRQ Priority Areas on Women’s Health

• Enhancing the response of the health system to women's needs.
• Understanding gender differences.
• Understanding and eliminating disparities in health care.
• Empowering women to make better health care decisions.

AHRQ supports research on all aspects of women’s health care, including quality, access, cost, and outcomes. A priority is given to identify and reduce disparities in the health care of minority women, address the health needs of women living in rural areas, and care for women with chronic illness and disabilities. AHRQ serves as a catalyst for change by promoting the results of research findings and incorporating those findings into improvements in the delivery and financing of health care. This important information is brought to the attention of policymakers, health care providers, and consumers who can make a difference in the quality of health care women receive.

Women and Medications

The Journal of Women's Health has published a special issue on improving the use and safety of medications in women, which was edited by Rosaly Correa‐de‐Araujo, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D., AHRQ's Senior Advisor for Women's Health. The articles in this issue were based on discussions at an expert meeting called by Dr. Correa‐de‐Araujo to highlight gender differences in medication use. Topics of the articles include evidence for gender and racial differences in drug response, the role of biological rhythms in medication safety for women, geriatric pharmacotherapy, and strategies for reducing the risk of medication errors in women. Read the entire issue for free.

Relevant Consumer Materials

Prevention and Chronic Care (current as of July 2019).

Patients and Consumers (current as of May 2019). 

U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Relevant Recommendations for Women

Below is a link to relevant recommendations from the USPSTF. Additional information as well as links to recommendations.

Fact Sheets, Program Briefs, and Other Products

Quality and Patient Safety Resources (current as of April 2019).

Publications Clearinghouse

AHRQ operates a Publications Clearinghouse to meet the ever‐increasing demand for its publications, 

Phone Requests
Available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week:

• In the United States, call the toll‐free number: 800‐358‐9295.
• Hearing impaired persons may call 888‐586‐6340 for the TDD service.
• Callers outside of the United States only should use the telephone number (703) 437‐2078.

E‐mail Requests
Electronic requests may be made to: AHRQPubs@ahrq.hhs.gov.

Mail Requests
Write to:
AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse
P.O. Box 8547 Silver Spring, MD 20907‐8547

Contact
Rosaly Correa‐de‐Araujo, MD, MSc, Ph.D.
Senior Advisor on Women's Health
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
John M. Eisenberg Building
540 Gaither Road
Rockville, Maryland 20850
Phone (301) 427‐1550 Fax (301) 427‐1561
rcorrea@ahrq.hhs.gov

 

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office on Women’s Health (OWH)

Mission

The Office on Women's Health (OWH) in the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is the Government’s champion and focal point for women’s health issues, and works to redress inequities in research, health care services, and education that have historically placed the health of women at risk. The Office on Women’s Health coordinates women’s health efforts in HHS to eliminate disparities in health status and supports culturally sensitive educational programs that encourage women to take personal responsibility for their own health and wellness.

Resources

• National Women’s Health Information Center (NWHIC) Website (last updated April 2019):
• Various publications can be ordered by calling 1‐800‐994‐9662 or by visiting the web site above.There is no charge for this service.
• Girl’s Health
• OWH publications (last updated April 2019)

Food and Drug Administration Office of Women’s Health (OWH)

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Office of Women’s Health (OWH) works to protect and advance the health of women by supporting policy, research, and educational initiatives both within and outside the Agency.

In support of its mission, OWH:

• Provides FDA information to women’s health stakeholders including consumers, health professionals, researchers, and advocates.
• Promotes the inclusion of women in clinical trials and the analysis of clinical trials data on women and other sub‐populations.
• Supports regulatory research to advance the understanding of women’s health and facilitate regulatory decision‐making.
• Promotes women’s health issues across all the organizational components of the FDA
• Forms partnerships with government and non‐government entities, including consumer groups, health professional organizations, universities, and industry to promote FDA’s women’s health objectives.

FDA Resources

Research

• Women’s Health Research Home Page (updated July 2019)
• Women’s Participation in Clinical Trials (page last updated June 2019)
• Sex and Gender in Human Health – online course series developed with NIH
• Science and Research Information
• Guidance Documents

Patient Education Tools

• Women’s Health Website - Consumer publications, videos, safety alerts, and other resources
• OWH Consumer Publications - Easy‐to‐read fact sheets and medication booklets in English, Spanish, 14 Asian Pacific Islander languages, and more.
• Women’s Health Topics (page last updated 10/2019) Information from across FDA Centers on women’s health issues such as mammography, birth control, pregnancy, menopause, and diabetes.
• Consumer Updates (page last updated 10/2019) Easy‐to‐read articles on product safety issues and FDA programs

Clinical Practice Tools

• Pregnancy Exposure Registry Web Portal (page last updated 8/2018) Links to Pregnancy Registries and resources on medication use during pregnancy
• MedWatch: The FDA Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program
• Recalls, Market Withdrawals, and Safety Alerts
• Drug Shortages Index
• Information for Health Professionals

Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Office of Women’s Health (OWH)

Mission

HRSA’s mission is to improve the nation’s health by assuring equitable access to comprehensive, culturally competent, quality health care for all. The guiding principle of HRSA OWH is “Healthy Women Build Healthy Communities.” The HRSA OWH provides a cross‐cutting and coordinated focus to eliminate gender‐based disparities, and ensure that all women receive comprehensive, culturally competent, quality health care.

Website

Health Resources and Services Administration

Headquarters

5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857.

National Institutes of Health
Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH)

The Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) is part of the Office of the Director of NIH. ORWH works in partnership with the 27 NIH Institutes and Centers to ensure that women’s health research is part of the scientific framework at the NIH—and throughout the scientific community.

Congress established ORWH in 1990 to:

• Advise the NIH Director and staff on matters relating to research on women’s health
• Strengthen and enhance research related to diseases, disorders, and conditions that affect women
• Ensure that research conducted and supported by NIH adequately addresses issues regarding women’s health
• Ensure that women are appropriately included in biomedical and behavioral research studies supported by NIH
• Develop opportunities for, and support recruitment, retention, re‐entry, and advancement of, women in biomedical careers
• Support research on women’s health issues.

More information about ORWH’s mission and mandate.

NIH Strategic Plan on Women’s Health and Sex Differences Research

2019–2023 Trans-NIH Strategic Plan for Women’s Health Research

NIH Mandate for Including Women and Minorities in Clinical Research

ORWH leads the effort to monitor adherence to NIH’s inclusion policies, in collaboration with NIH Institutes and Centers, the NIH Office of Extramural Research, and the NIH Office of Intramural Research. The policies require that women, men, and minorities and their sub populations are sufficiently included in clinical research, and for NIH Phase III Clinical Trials, the inclusion of men/women and minorities must be sufficient to allow for valid analyses by sex/gender and/or race/ethnicity.

ORWH Programmatic Focus

• ORWH co‐funds research with NIH Institutes and Centers to ensure that investigating the role of sex and gender in health and disease continues to expand and inform women’s health.
• ORWH develops and supports opportunities for the recruitment, retention, re‐entry, and sustained advancement of women in biomedical careers and sponsors programs that support both women and men in women’s health and sex differences research.

ORWH Outreach Activities

ORWH supports initiatives to inform the public about advances in women’s health research and works with the NIH Institutes, Centers, and Offices, and other federal agencies, advocacy groups, and professional organizations to disseminate and exchange information, and solicit recommendations. An example of ORWH outreach efforts includes:

• Science of Sex and Gender in Human Health Online Education Series

The Society for Women’s Health Research (SWHR)

A national non‐profit organization based in Washington DC, is widely recognized as the thought leader in research on sex differences and is dedicated to improving women’s health through advocacy, education, and research.

Founded in 1990 by a group of physicians, medical researchers and health advocates, SWHR aims to bring attention to the myriad of diseases and conditions that affect women uniquely. Due to SWHR’s efforts, women are now routinely included in most major medical research studies and scientists are beginning to consider biological sex as a variable in their research. Read the full history.

Today, SWHR advocates for greater public and private funding for women’s health research and the study of sex differences that:

• Affects the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease;
• Encourages the appropriate inclusion of women and minorities in medical research studies;
• Promotes the analysis of research data for sex and ethnic differences; and
• Informs women, health care providers, and policy makers about contemporary women’s health issues through media outreach, congressional briefings, public education campaigns, conferences and special events.

What We Do

Advocacy

As the thought‐leader in sex‐based biology research, SWHR is often called upon to offer expert testimony before Congress and to provide guidance on legislative and regulatory matters on women’s health. Every year, SWHR holds educational briefings for members of Congress and their staff and state of the science policy conferences. SWHR created the Women’s Health Research Coalition (WHRC) in 1999. This grassroots advocacy network of over 600 leaders at academic, medical, health and scientific institutions encourages coordination of and funding for women’s health research. SWHR’s advocacy priority issues are:

• Sex and Gender Differences Research
• Funding for Research in Women’s Health
• Inclusion of Women and Minorities in Clinical Research
• Comparative Effectiveness Research
• Stem Cell Research
• VA Women’s Health Research

Due to SWHR’s advocacy and public policy efforts, women’s health issues are a national priority.

Education

SWHR engages the public through:

• Public education campaigns
• Online moderated discussions
• E‐newsletters and news service articles
• Media roundtables
• Special events SWHR’s website features information regarding illnesses and disorders that affect women predominantly or differently than men.

SWHR promotes the inclusion of women and minorities in clinical trials by educating the public on how to participate and what to expect if they do join a trial.

In January 2006, SWHR published its first book for consumers, The Savvy Woman Patient: How and Why Sex Differences Impact Your Health. This consumer guide informs women about health conditions and treatments that are unique to women and focuses on how women’s health differs from men’s.

Research

SWHR works with researchers and clinicians to advance the field of sex‐based biology. SWHR hosts scientific conferences to encourage dialogue and research on sex and gender differences.

SWHR established the following groups to further advance its mission:

• SWHR Networks ‐a series of networks comprised of researchers and clinicians, launched first in 2002, to foster interdisciplinary basic and clinical research on sex and gender differences.
• The Organization for the Study of Sex Differences (OSSD) ‐an interdisciplinary scientific membership society launched in 2006 to enhance the knowledge of sex/gender differences.
• The "SWHR‐Medtronic Prize for Scientific Contributions to Women’s Health"—introduced in 2006, this annual $75,000 award recognizes a female scientist or engineer for her contributions to women’s health.
• The RAISE (Recognizing the Achievements of Women In Sciences and Engineering) Project—a campaign to increase the status of professional women through enhanced recognition of their achievements in science and medicine.

As a result of SWHR’s efforts, the study of sex differences has reached a wider audience with more women and minorities able to participate in clinical trials. Over the past 20 years, SWHR has successfully increased federal funding for sex‐based research, won the passage of notable legislative changes and put sex‐based biology at the forefront of researchers’ minds.

New appointee has a strong history in submitting and reviewing papers for the Journal.

Brief Biography

Lucinda L. Maine, Ph.D., R.Ph.

Executive Vice President and CEO
American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy

Lucinda L. Maine serves as executive vice president and CEO of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. As the leading advocate for high quality pharmacy education, AACP works to develop strong academic scholars and leaders, to support excellent professional doctoral and postgraduate degree programs and to build relations with key constituency groups both inside and external to the profession of pharmacy. 

Registration Fee - $319.00

Includes:

• Thursday - Dinner and program
• Friday - Meals, program, materials, transportation and network activity
• Saturday - Meal and program

Location:

James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati